铜离子促进Fe@Fe2O3纳米线活化分子氧降解阿特拉津的研究

阿特拉津是一种持久性含氯有机污染物,难以生物降解,因此有必要开发高效技术清除环境中残留的阿特拉津.近来纳米铁材料的发展为降解阿特拉津提供了一种可供选择的新方法,但降解过程中纳米铁活性逐渐减弱的问题仍需改进.本论文研究了铜离子（Cu²⁺）存在条件下Fe@Fe₂O₃纳米线活化分子氧降解阿特拉津的过程,并探讨了Cu²⁺的作用机理.研究结果表明,少量Cu²⁺的存在就可以显著促使Fe@Fe₂O₃生成溶解态Fe（Ⅱ）,从而有助于分子氧活化并产生更多·OH等活性氧物种.在降解过程中,阿特拉津首先被氧化,进而发生脱氯上羟基反应、侧链氧化以及脱侧链反应.     

基于正交调制的激光测距系统和解模糊方法

提出一种基于正交调制的激光测距系统,该方案与传统的二次混频方法相比,提高了相位测量精度并简化了系统的硬件设计,针对距离测量过程中的距离模糊问题,提出了一种基于超定方程组的距离解模糊算法,避免了对最优解的搜索,最后使用2台K60激光测距仪和3台基于本方案的测距仪在精度为0.18 mm的国家标准基线上进行对比试验,结果显示,测距时间少于1.8 s,平均测量误差在2 mm以内,在60 m的量程内测距标准差在1 mm以内,验证了该方案相比较传统的方法具有更高的测量精度和速度。     

去除土壤水分对高光谱估算土壤有机质含量的影响

土壤高光谱技术具有方便快捷、无破坏、成本低等优点,已被广泛应用于估算土壤有机质含量(SOMC)。然而,野外测量的土壤高光谱数据因受外部环境因素(土壤湿度、温度、表面粗糙度等)干扰,导致SOMC估算模型适用性有待提升。土壤含水率(SMC)是影响野外测量高光谱的最主要的障碍因素之一,它的变化严重影响可见-近红外(Vis-NIR)光谱反射率的观测结果。因此,消除SMC对高光谱数据的干扰是提高土壤高光谱估算SOMC模型预测精度的关键环节。以江汉平原潜江市潮土样本为研究对象,在室内人工加湿土样,分别获取6个SMC水平的土壤高光谱数据,采用标准正态变换(SNV)对光谱数据进行预处理,基于外部参数正交化法(EPO)去除土壤水分对高光谱的影响,利用偏最小二乘方法(PLSR)建立并对比EPO处理前、后不同SMC水平SOMC反演模型。结果表明,土壤水分对Vis-NIR光谱反射率有显著的影响,掩盖了SOMC的光谱吸收特征;EPO处理前不同SMC水平的光谱曲线之间的差异较为明显,而EPO处理后的各SMC水平的光谱曲线形态基本相似;采用EPO处理后的土壤高光谱数据建立SOMC估算模型,预测集的R2_p,RPD分别为0.84和2.50,其精度与EPO处理前所建模型相比有较大提升,表明EPO算法可以有效去除土壤水分的影响,从而提升SOMC的估算精度。对定向去除外部环境参数对土壤高光谱影响进行了实证,为完善野外原位获取SOMC信息技术提供理论基础。     

DNA骨架磷硫酰化修饰的研究进展

DNA骨架磷硫酰化修饰是指在天然DNA骨架上发现的P-O键被P-S键替换的化学修饰, 属于首例生理修饰, 具有磷硫修饰的DNA在Tris缓冲体系中电泳时具有DNA降解表型. 研究发现DNA骨架磷硫修饰属于复制后修饰, 具有如下三个特征: R_p型立体修饰, 序列专一性、分布广泛性. 这种修饰由五个基因组成的dnd基因簇(dndA-E)编码的蛋白控制, 但这些蛋白具体的作用机制目前还不清楚. 为了将来更好地研究DNA磷硫修饰机制, 本文综述了DNA磷硫酰化修饰的发现历程, 特点, 参与DNA磷硫修饰的蛋白结构研究进展, 以及磷硫修饰的DNA作为抗氧化剂研究进展. 同时, 对DNA磷硫修饰机制、生理功能等研究目前所面临的困难, 如硫原子如何渗入DNA骨架, 参与DNA磷硫修饰的五个蛋白是如何协调作用完成DNA磷硫修饰的机理等难题进行了简单概括, 以为相关研究提出一些可能的方向.     

基于区间数的拓展DEMATEL方法及其应用研究

DEMATEL方法(决策试验与试验评估法)是一种运用图论与矩阵工具进行系统因素分析的方法。但此方法对系统因素间关系的评价仅限于实数域内,往往不适合描述现实生活中系统因素间复杂的影响关系。鉴于区间数能更有效地描述复杂的现象,本文将传统的DEMATEL方法拓展到了区间数领域,来弥补DEMATEL方法的这一不足。为此,本文建立了区间数初始直接影响矩阵,借助于区间数的运算法则和可能度排序,计算出区间数综合影响矩阵,并对系统因素进行分析,从而,提出区间数DEMATEL方法。然后采用区间数DEMATEL方法识别IT外包中知识转移影响因素,得到IT外包中知识转移过程中的原因影响因素、结果影响因素以及每个影响因素的重要程度,以此为IT外包人员给予相应的建议,同时也验证了该方法的实效性。     

Synthesis and Herbicidal Activities of Novel Uracil Derivatives Containing Pyrimidinyl Moiety

In order to find novel protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors with high efficacy, broad-spectrum activity, and safety to crops, nine title compounds（4a-4i） were designed and synthesized by introducing pyrimidine moiety into the uracil skeleton with commercially herbicide butafenacil as the lead compound. Their structures were con- firmed by 1H NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The bioassay results indicate that most of com- pounds 4 tested exhibit good to excellent herbicidal activities against B. campestris, A. retroflexus, E. crusgalli and D. sanguinalis in pre-emergence treatment at a dose of 1.5 kg/ha（1 ha=10^4 m^2）, for example, compound 4i showed 100% inhibition against the four plants tested in pre-emergence treatment at a dose of 1.5 kg/ha. So, this type of skeleton can be used as a valuable lead compound for the further development of a pre-emergent herbicide.     

活化过硫酸盐原位化学氧化修复有机污染土壤和地下水

原位化学氧化 （ISCO）是近些年来国内外较为推崇的一种土壤和地下水修复技术。过硫酸盐（PS,S₂O₈^2-）具有易运输、较稳定、易溶于水和易传质等性质,能很好地适应ISCO的发展要求。它在光、热、过渡金属离子、强氧化剂和强碱性环境等活化条件下,能产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基SO₄^·-,适用于氧化降解各种有机污染物。本文在分析活化过硫酸盐（activated persulfate,APS）氧化机理的基础上,综述了不同方式活化过硫酸盐原位修复有机污染土壤和地下水及APS协同、联用技术的应用,并就值得深入研究的问题和热点趋势进行了展望。     

Cold Nuclear Matter Effects on Isolated Prompt Photon and Isolated Prompt Photon+Jet Productions in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

We investigate the cold nuclear matter(CNM) effects on isolated prompt photon and isolated prompt photon associated jet productions in nuclear collisions at the NLO accuracy by using the EPS09 NLO nuclear parton distribution functions and their error sets.Nuclear modification factors of isolated prompt photon and isolated prompt photon+jet productions due to CNM effects in p+A and A+A reactions at the RHIC and the LHC are provided with varying rapidity and transverse momentum of the final state photon.It is shown that the CNM effects on isolated prompt photon and photon+jet are modest,which give a small enhancement at low pT region and a more obvious suppression at large pT at central rapidity.At forward rapidity a pronounced suppression of γ as well as γ+jet is always observed.     

Collective Excitations of Low Dimensional Trapped Bose-Condensed Gas

In this paper, we investigate excited characteristic of the weakly interacting quasi-one-dimensional (1D) and quasi-two-dimensional (2D) Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in harmonic potential trap. The energy spectrum and the analytical expression of the sound velocity are obtained and analyzed. Compared with 3-Dimensional homogeneous Bose-condensed gas occasion, the sound velocity of 2D Bose-Einstein condensation in harmonic potential trap is smaller.     

The effect of the production and loss reactions on the parametric instability

In this paper, the effect of the loss and production reactions on the parametric instability in plasma is investigated. Based on the hydrodynamic equations, we derive the wave equations for the electron plasma oscillation and ion-acoustic oscillation and obtain the threshold and the growth rate for the parametric instability. It is shown that (1) there is no effect of production reaction on the parametric instability; (2) the effect of loss reaction on the parametric instability is a slight damping; (3) the higher threshold is needed to excite the parametric instability in plasma with the loss reaction; (4) if taking the loss reaction into account, the growth rate for parametric instability will decrease by one half of the loss rate; and (5) the growth rate increases as the external field increases.